The most important factor in the basic equation of human existence is the relatively high cost of raising children. It is higher than that of any other specie and it is one of the main reasons for complex social characteristics including variations of monogamy. Two things could notably change that equation. The first is artificial wombs and a second might be called an education pill.
A pregnancy is demanding and dangerous. A man can potentially have hundreds of children. A woman is strictly limited in the number of children she can potentially have. This is the basis of most mammalian reproductive behavior where males compete for access to females and females try to get access to the fittest males.
Especially in a technological society, education is a long and costly process. If someone created an education pill or machine they could somehow induce an education in such a way that it fundamentally lowered the cost of an education, this would change basic characteristics of the human equation.
A reoccurring science-fiction theme has been that of clones armies. The premise being that using cloning techniques one could start out with one superior warrior and cheaply manufacture an army. There are a couple flaws in this scenario. The most important flaw is that the largest cost of creating the warrior would be their initial production or birth. The greatest cost would really be raising them to maturity and training them in the art of fighting. As an army, their effectiveness would both be enhanced and limited by limitations on their overall diversity.
It has been said with some accuracy that the difference between certain civilian societies and an army is that those civilians are not wearing a uniform. In those societies there is naturally enough warrior caste component that almost any individual can efficiently act as a warrior. They also can easily be taught the skills of war.
If changes were made in the overall cost equation of raising children to maturity, including pregnancy, physical development or education, that would change the nature of human survival and ecology. Cloning almost certainly would not do this, but is artificial womb or an education pill might well. There would be differences in the effect of the two. These are classic cases of things that could have unpredictable results and consequences if they become reality.
Human nature is largely dictated by the huge investment necessary to raise children. Artificial selection does not qualitatively change this. Artificial wombs or an "education pill" could do this. Either one could change the basic equation of human ecology.
First, the down side arguements of an artificial womb. In ecology, two contrasting situations often occur. There is the plant that makes numerous seeds with a small supply of energy for each. If one of the seeds gets real lucky, it survives. Another strategy of a plant is to make only a few seeds, but devote more resources to each one. Each seed has more protection and food and a better chance to survive. this would be called a quality strategy as opposed to a quantity strategy of survival. Right now, humans must concentrate primarily on a quality strategy, because of the large investment necessary to raise each child. Disease has also demanded the balance of some of a quantity strategy as well, but not overly. Well, artificial wombs could change the equation to a situation where the investment to create an infant would be quite low. This would put humans in a radically new ecological situation. That is not something to be done carelessly. Changes of that magnitude should be comtemplated with trepidation.
Another consideration about artificial wombs relates to the issue that humans are a single population and therefore very suseptable to catastrophe. If there was a wide spread catastrophe on earth, that limited technology, and humans had become dependent on artificial wombs, the result could be disaster. It is always better if humans can adapt themselves to change evolutionarily, rather than using artifacts. Tools are important, but we got here with our minds and bodies.
Another consideration is that the nature of our society is cooperative. Cooperation may sometimes come from dependencys, but that is not necessarily a drawback. Weaknesses often lead to strengths. Having artificial wombs could remove some of the basic interdependencies that have formed the human family. The basic nature of the needs of family have forced men and women to compromise greatly. This is a good thing. People would be forced to compromise less. While that may not seem like such a good thing, it is fundemental to how we have survived.